Imwe mu ngingo zigize Itegeko rigenga abantu n’umuryango ryasohotse mu mpera za Nyakanga 2024, rivuga ko kororoka mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga k’umugabo n’umugore bashyingiranywe bishobora gukorwa kandi no hagati yabo n’undi muntu bagiranye amasezerano hakurikijwe amategeko abigenga.
Ibyo biri mu ngingo ya 279 y’iri tegeko riri mu mategeko yari amaze igihe aganirwaho mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda, rikaba mu yandi yagiweho impaka zikomeye mbere y’uko atorwa.
Abahanga mu bijyanye n’ubuzima bavuga ko gutwitira umuntu ari uburyo bukoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga, aho bahuza insoro z’umuryango (ni ukuvuga umugabo n’umugore), bakazihuriza hanze muri laboratwari (Laboratory), zamara gukora urusoro rumwe rutangiye gukura, bakazitera muri nyababyeyi ya wa mugore ushaka kubatwitira.
Ibi mu ndimi z’amahanga bizwi nka Gestational Career, bivuze ngo uwo muntu utwite nta sano ry’amaraso cyangwa utunyangingo aba afitanye n’umwana atwite, kubera ko aba ari umwana wabonetse hakoreshejwe insoro z’abandi bantu babiri, zigahuzwa, we agakora icyo kuba azifite mu nda ye gusa.
Ibi bitandukanye no kuba umugore yatwita hagakoreshwa kamwe mu tunyangingo twe, tugahuzwa n’utw’umugabo we, bakatumuteramo kugira ngo hakorwe umwana bafitanye isano.
Zimwe mu mpamvu zishobora gutuma umuntu yifuza ko bamutwitira zirimo imiterere y’umuntu ishobora kuba ijyanye n’uko yavutse cyangwa hakaba ibibazo bimubaho nyuma y’uko avutse (Aha harimo kuba umubyeyi ashobora kuvuka nta nyababyeyi, cyangwa akagira impamvu zishobora gutuma yangirika bakayikuramo).
Hari kandi n’umuntu ushobora kuba afite nyababyeyi ariko afite indwara mu mubiri itatuma atwita inda ngo ibe yageza igihe cyo kuvuka. (Uyu aba afite ubushobozi bwo gutwita ariko inda yasamye atayigeza igihe cyo kuvuka akiri muzima, kubera ikibazo cy’uburwayi runaka umubyeyi aba afite).
Uwifuza gutwitirwa agomba kubisaba uwo yifuza ko amutwitira akabimwemerera, aho bisabwa gusinya impapuro bakabyemeranyaho mu buryo bw’amategeko, bakagena uburyo azafashwa mu gihe cyose azaba atwite, no mu byumweru bitandatu nyuma y’uko abyaye.
Abahanga mu bijyanye n’ubuzima kandi bavuga ko umuntu uri mu kigero cyiza cyo gutwitira undi agomba kuba ari mu kigero kiri hagati nibura y’imyaka 21-45, gusa abenshi bagahuriza ku kuba yagakwiye kujya munsi y’imyaka 40, kubera ko hejuru y’imyaka 45 ibyago by’uko inda ishobora kuvamo, cyangwa kuyitwita bishobora kongera ibyago byo kurwara ubundi burwayi burimo umuvuduko, diyabete n’izindi.
Ikindi ni uko aba atagomba kujya munsi y’imyaka y’ubukure kubera ko inda nyinshi zisamwa n’abari muri icyo kigero zikunda guteza ibyago byinshi ba nyiri kuzitwita.
Hanarebwa ko usabwa gutwitira abandi nta bundi burwayi yihariye afite, niba yarabyaye, hakarebwa ko igihe yabyaraga nta bindi bibazo yigeze kugira, birimo kuba zaravukiraga igihe.
Umugore utwitiye undi aba atwite nk’abandi bose, kandi ibyo abandi birinda ni nabyo na we yirinda, kandi ibyo abandi bagomba ni nabyo nawe agomba birimo kujya kwa muganga, akanongerwa ibyo abandi bongerwa (imyunyungugu).
Kugeza ubu serivisi yo gutwitira undi mu Rwanda, ibarirwa ikiguzi kigera kuri miliyoni 3.5 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, yishyurwa kwa muganga n’utwitiwe.
Bamwe mu baturage by’umwihariko ababuze urubyaro bagaragaza ko iyi gahunda ari nziza kandi yaziye igihe, gusa ngo irahenze ku buryo atari buri wese ushobora guhabwa izo serivisi, nubwo uwabuze urubyaro wese yifuza kugira umwana.
Abagize umwe mu miryango imaze imyaka irenga itanu batarabona urubyaro, bavuga ko bakeneye umwana ku buryo mu bushobozi bwabo hagize uwabemerera kumubona bazamwitura uko bashoboye.
Umugore avuga ko ashobora kubona umuntu wemera kumutwitira wo mu muryango we kuko na bo badashimishijwe n’uko nta mwana barabona.
Ati “Yego hari benshi babaho badafite urubyaro, batabyara, ariko buriya umugore ni ubyara, ni ufite umwana, umuryango ugirwa n’abana, papa na mama, byaba ari igisubizo byanshimisha.”
Umugabo ati “Mu by’ukuri miliyoni 3.5 hari n’abapfa batazitunze, ni amafaranga ari hejuru cyane kuri rubanda rugufi, ni menshi cyane, nibura babaye badufashije nk’Abanyarwanda dufite icyo kibazo cyo kutabyara, bakadufasha iyo serivisi bakaba bayishyira kuri mituweri byaba ari byiza cyane, kuko baba bafashije umuryango mugari w’Abanyarwanda bafite ikibazo cyo kutabyara. Rwose Leta turayinginga, turanayitakambira, ibyumve, twe tudafite urubyaro yagira icyo idufasha iyo serivisi ikajya kuri mituweli rwose.”
Undi muryango umaze imyaka irenga ine ushakanye ariko utarabona urubyaro, nawo ibyifuzo byawo ntaho bitaniye n’abandi bose babuze urubyaro, kuko bavuga ko nta cyaruta kugira umwana.
Umwe muri bo ati “Icyifuzo cyanjye kuri Leta numva aho ngaho bashyiramo nka nkunganire nkuko bafasha mu bindi bintu kubera ko ariya mafaranga ni menshi cyane pe, kuko hari benshi babikeneye kandi badafite ubushobozi.”
N’ubwo hari abavuga ko igiciro gitangwa kuri izo serivisi kiri hejuru biganjemo ababuze urubyaro, hari abavuga ko nta kiguzi kibaho gishobora gutuma batwitira uwundi ngo bamuhe umwana, bakurikije uko umugore aba abayeho mu gihe cy’amezi icyenda amara atwite.
Umwe muri bo ati “Jye ntabwo nabishobora bitewe n’urugendo rw’umwana umuntu anyuramo, amezi icyenda utwaye umwana mu nda, ntabwo niyumvisha ukuntu nabyara umwana ngo nindangiza muhe undi mubyeyi namutwitiye. Umwana araryoha, kubana na we ni iby’igiciro, nta na rimwe njya ntekereza imbaraga nagira mfata umwana nabyaye nkamuha undi mugore.”
Mugenzi we ati “Kubyara biravuna cyane, nta na rimwe wabyara bitakugoye, ni urugendo rukomeye, usibye ko mba numva bitanakunda, bitanabaho, ariko byaba bisaba ko ari inshuti yanjye ikomeye cyane, kandi nabwo kugira ngo nemere ku mutwitira, mbe na namubyarira nkamuha uwo mwana, ntabwo byajya munsi ya miliyoni 15, kandi nabwo byamugora cyane kugira ngo mbe nakwemera kwikuraho umwana natwise amezi icyenda ngo mbe namuha undi muntu.”
Kutabyara bishobora guterwa n’ibibazo byinshi bitandukanye, bikaba byava ku mugabo cyangwa umugore.
Kimwe muri byo ku ruhande rw’umugabo bishobora guterwa n’uko nta ntanga afite, icyo gihe iyo umugore ari muzima, bashobora gushaka umuntu ubaha intanga ngabo zigahuzwa n’igi ry’umugore we, akaba ari we ubasha gutwita.
Umugabo kandi ashobora no kugira intanga nke, kuko na zo zishobora gutuma umuntu atabyara, aha naho hashobora gukoreshwa bwa buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bagashaka uko zihuzwa n’iz’umugore bidasabye ko bicya mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.
Ku ruhande rw’umugore na we ashobora kugira impamvu zitandukanye zatuma atabyara, harimo izishobora gukosoka n’izindi zidashobora gukosoka ariko hakaba hakoreshwa uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga akaba ari we utwita umwana we.
Zimwe muri zo, harimo kugira imiyoboro y’intanga yafunze, aha ishobora gufungurwa ariko n’igihe bidakunze, bashobora gukoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga hagafatwa igi rye rigahuzwa n’iry’umugabo we, akitwitira.
Hari n’igihe bishobora guterwa no kuba amagi ye adashya, icyo gihe ahabwa imiti igatuma ashya, akaba yasama ku giti cye, intanga y’umugabo we n’iye zikaba zakwibyarira umwana.
Uburyo bwo gutwitira undi bukoreshwa gusa mu gihe umugore adashobora kwitwitira, kubera impamvu z’imiterere ye, hari nk’uburwayi bwatumye bamukuramo nyababyeyi, kuba atarayivukanye cyangwa hari indwara afite itatuma atwita ngo azageze ubwo abyara umwana.
Nk’uko biba no ku bandi babyeyi, biranashoboka ko umubyeyi utwitiye undi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ashobora kubyara umwana udashitse (igihe kitaragera) cyangwa inda ikavamo.
Ubwo abadepite basuzumiraga hamwe umushinga w’Itegeko rivugurura serivisi z’ubuvuzi mu Rwanda, ku wa mbere tariki 17 Gashyantare 2025, ibiganiro bagiranye n’abagize Minisiteri y’Ubuzima (MINISANTE), byaranzwe n’impaka zirimo n’ibijyanye no gutwitira undi mu gihe we n’uwo bashakanye bifuza umwana ariko we adashoboye kumubyara mu buryo busanzwe, basaba ko byarushaho gusuzumwana ubushishozi.
Hon Jean Sauveur Kalisa yagize ati “Kubijyanye n’uzatanga serivisi y’uzatwitira undi mbona yagakwiye kuba ari serivisi itangirwa kwa muganga, aho kugira ngo umuntu ku giti cye ajye kwishakira uwo bakorana amasezerano, kuko murabizi uko imiryango imera, ejo bundi umwana azakura agere hejuru, wa wundi amubwire ati uzi ko ari jye wagutwise, usange nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka kuri wa mwana, akumva atiyumva nk’umuntu wavutse nkuko abandi bavuka.”
Hon Yvonne Mujawabega Ati “Kiriya cyo gutwitira ngo tubifungure, mwibaze twemereye abana kujya muri serivisi z’ubuvuzi, ni ukuvuga ngo uzashaka azagenda banamukuremo nyababyeyi, agende bamutwitire, narangiza abane n’undi wenda bahuje igitsina, uwo mwana bazamutwitira azakurira mu wuhe muryango. Jye numva ikintu cyo kurinda umuryango twagikomeraho.”
Asa nk’umara Abadepite impungenge bafite, Minisititiri w’Ubuzima Dr. Sabin Nsanzimana, yavuze ko bizakorwa hubahirizwa amahame y’ubuvuzi.
Yagize ati “Gutanga impyiko murabyibuka umushinga w’Itegeko ryo gutanga ingingo, nayo impaka zabayeho zimeze nk’izi, bavuga bati abantu bazagira ubucuruzi bw’impyiko, n’ibi bijya gusa, twazabyigaho tukareba uburyo bwiza tugira aho dushyira ibigomba kugenderwaho, ku buryo bitazaba bifunguye cyane.
Arongera ati “Ariko na none ababikeneye turabazi hari n’abategereje benshi, bategereje ko itegeko rizabibafungurira, ahubwo twanabyigiraho koko tukareba ni bande dushaka gukorera iri tegeko hano mu Rwanda.”
Ku wa Gatanu tariki 11 Nzeri 2020, nibwo bwa mbere mu Rwanda Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwari rwemeje ishingiro ry’amasezerano imiryango ibiri yagiranye, y’uko umuryango umwe uzatwitira undi wari umaze imyaka icumi warabuze urubyaro.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko guhera mu mwaka wa 2014 abaganga mu Rwanda bari basanzwe bafata intanga z’abantu babuze urubyaro bakazitera abagore babo, ariko igikorwa cyo gutwitisha umuntu intanga itari iye cyatangiriye kuri uwo wabyemerewe n’urukiko.
